An independent RES exam study resource — not a Government website and not affiliated with the Council for Estate Agencies (CEA).Find My OrderHow to identify official CEA sources
Home / Free RES questions / Life estates

Paper 1 · Lesson 4 — State Land, Estates, Future Interests and Easements

Life estates

Life estates: creation by express agreement and the life tenant's powers and limits (cannot sell / mortgage / lease beyond the life).

2 questionsAnswers & explanations includedFree — no sign-up

Question 1

A house has been left so that a widow may live in it for the rest of her life, with her late husband's nephew taking it on her death. Both are named in the file the solicitor has opened. A friend of the widow's insists this can only work if the land itself has somehow been split between the two of them.

Which statement is correct?

  1. A. The plot has been split by area, each taking a physical portion.
  2. B. Only one may hold at a time; the widow holds, the nephew a licence.
  3. C. The plot has been split by permitted use, each taking a portion.
  4. D. The plot is divided by time — the widow entitled now, the nephew later.
Show the answer and full explanation

Answer: D

The rule. Under the doctrine of estates, land is divided by time. That is what allows several people to hold interests in the same land at once — one entitled to possession now, another entitled later.

Why D is correct. The widow holds the present interest and the nephew a future one in the very same plot; no physical splitting of the land is needed, or has occurred. The division is by time, not by area.

The other options.

  • A describes subdivision, which produces separate parcels rather than concurrent interests in one.
  • C describes zoning and planning control.
  • B denies concurrent interests altogether, which would make leases, life estates and remainders impossible.

Exam note. The friend's instinct — that two people cannot both "have" one plot unless it is cut in two — is exactly the misconception the doctrine of estates answers.

Under the doctrine of estates, land is divided by time →

Question 2

Madam Yap's friend's advice that she simply sell the shophouse is examined.

Which statement is correct?

  1. A. She may not sell it; the interest she holds does not carry that power.
  2. B. She may sell it, being in occupation and having kept up the payments.
  3. C. She may sell it with the bank's consent, the mortgage being outstanding.
  4. D. She may sell it, provided the proceeds are held for Kok Leong.
Show the answer and full explanation

Answer: A

The rule. A life tenant cannot sell the property. She may occupy it and take the income; she cannot dispose of an estate she does not hold.

Why A is correct. The interest she holds does not carry a power of sale.

The other options.

  • B is the friend's advice, resting on occupation and on five years of payments.
  • C offers the bank's consent as the missing element, which would matter if the obstacle were the mortgage; it is not.
  • D allows the sale on terms about the proceeds, which addresses Kok Leong's interest and still assumes a power she has never had.

Exam note. Keeping up the mortgage payments for five years is the strongest equitable argument in the narrative and carries no legal weight at all on this question.

A life tenant cannot sell the property →

Practise it under exam conditions

Single questions test whether you know a rule. The paper tests whether you can find it in a scenario, at speed, with three plausible alternatives in the way. Start with the free 20-question half-paper.

Looking for past-year papers? CEA doesn't publish them — here's what it does publish.

Independent study material. Not affiliated with or endorsed by the Council for Estate Agencies. No pass guarantee — for study use only.